We have all heard the word preamp at some point. To avoid embarrassment, we generally don’t ask what it means (yes, I was there too). But the term preamp is a very important concept when recording with microphones and choosing a good sound card. In this article, I will explain in a simple way what a preamp is and everything you need to know about it.
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What is a Preamp?Preamp functionsPreamp in sound devicesExternal preamp devicesDo I need an external Pre-amplifier?Producer Essential Pack 101
What is a Preamp?
A preamp is a device used to amplify low-level signals to a standard recording level. That is, the main purpose of the preamp is to raise the gain level cleanly. Preamp, actually, is an abbreviation for pre-amplifier. The reason preamps exist is because of microphones. This is because microphone signals are lower than line signals. That is why the function of the preamp is to raise the microphone level to a standard level for recording. The signal from a microphone is usually -60 to -40 dBu. While the optimal line signal level for recording is +4 dBu. So it is an important factor for recording with microphones. But.. this doesn’t mean you have to buy an additional preamp. In fact, almost all audio interfaces include internal preamps. And not only sound cards, but also consoles/mixers and other devices have preamps. So, this is one of the reasons why you should take a good look at the quality of pre-amplifiers in audio interfaces and consoles.
Preamp Functions
So what exactly is a preamp for? The basic reasons why preamps exist are:
- More gain: The main reason for preamps is to raise the gain level of the microphones. In this way, you can record a microphone at a standard line level.
- Reduce noise: A good preamp will reduce noise levels. That is why it is essential to check the quality of pre-amplifiers before purchasing a sound interface or console.
- Improve sound quality: This is a result of increasing gain and decreasing noise. As a result, the final audio level will be much cleaner and stronger.
Preamp on sound devices
Most sound devices such as sound boards or consoles/mixers include pre-amplifiers. This means that in most cases, you will not need an external preamp. But it is important to check the quality of the pre-amplifiers. For example, Focusrite boards have excellent preamps (yes, I am also a fan of the brand).
External preamp devices
There are also pre-amplifiers as external devices. That is, a device entirely dedicated to preamps. Pre-amplifiers come in different forms. There are desktop preamps and others in racks. When purchasing an external pre-amplifier, if you need one, you should consider these parameters:
- Number of channels: The number of channels you want to connect to your preamp at the same time is a decision factor.
- Maximum gain: Preamps come with different gain or maximum power.
- Type: Desk, rack, lunchbox.
However, it only makes sense to purchase a preamp for large studios that have many microphones and advanced equipment setup.
Do I need an external pre-amplifier?
So do I need an external preamp? Usually no. Especially if you record in your own home studio. Virtually all audio interfaces and mixers come with a preamp included. Of course there are different types of device quality. In the event that your board’s preamp does not have a good signal and the microphone sounds too quiet or lacks power, then you can consider purchasing an external preamp. If you have a professional studio, of course you will require an external rack preamp. This has been all. Now you know what a preamp is and if you really need a pre-amplifier or not.
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